Have you tried some of the old "Graphics Gems" series books yet? [1], [2], [3] They are not CS fundamentals but will help you out with the necessary concepts, math and algorithms for graphics programming and ray-tracing.
As others have mentioned any books on Data Structures & Algorithms are a must. [4], [5], [6]
However in my opinion, trying to understand CS fundamentals without undergoing some sort of formal education is a chore. You won't know what you are missing. Going through an established approved syllabus will give you a fuller understanding. But that is only if you are interested in the long haul.
There are a number of MOOCs that may fit the bill allowing you to slowly gather the knowledge without sacrificing too much time and focus on a day job to keep you going. I feel they are also great value for money for what you get. Some of them are from very reputable names if that is important. [7][8].
Since you have a B.Sc you can do the Masters level but there are also Bachelors level courses. [9]
I learned from Sedgewick http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/032157351X/
However, it was a much earlier edition and all the examples are in Pascal. Having to mentally convert the code from 1-based arrays to 0-based like any decent language has been a major pain over the years.
This looks like a C version: http://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Stru...
I've used Algorithms by S. Dasgupta, C.H. Papadimitriou, and U.V. Vazirani for the course they teach at Berkeley and didn't like it at all. I'm a pretty big fan of Algorithms by Sedgewick. There is a class on Cousera is also taught by Sedgewick and uses the book. The first half of the book follows a traditional data structures course and the second half a traditional algorithms course.
Some people might find it as a downside but the book was written with Java in mind. I personally didn't mind this at all.
As others have mentioned any books on Data Structures & Algorithms are a must. [4], [5], [6]
However in my opinion, trying to understand CS fundamentals without undergoing some sort of formal education is a chore. You won't know what you are missing. Going through an established approved syllabus will give you a fuller understanding. But that is only if you are interested in the long haul.
There are a number of MOOCs that may fit the bill allowing you to slowly gather the knowledge without sacrificing too much time and focus on a day job to keep you going. I feel they are also great value for money for what you get. Some of them are from very reputable names if that is important. [7][8].
Since you have a B.Sc you can do the Masters level but there are also Bachelors level courses. [9]
1. https://www.amazon.com/Graphics-Gems-Andrew-S-Glassner/dp/01...
2. https://www.amazon.com/Graphics-Gems-II-IBM-No/dp/0120644819...
3. https://www.amazon.com/Graphics-Gems-No-3-David-Kirk/dp/0124...
4. https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-3rd-MIT-Press...
5. https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/03...
6. https://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena...
7. https://www.coursera.org/degrees/master-of-computer-science-...
8. https://www.coursera.org/degrees/mcit-penn
9. https://www.coursera.org/degrees/bachelor-of-science-compute...
1. https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/03...
2. https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1#syllabus
However, it was a much earlier edition and all the examples are in Pascal. Having to mentally convert the code from 1-based arrays to 0-based like any decent language has been a major pain over the years.
This looks like a C version: http://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Stru...
Some people might find it as a downside but the book was written with Java in mind. I personally didn't mind this at all.
http://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Edition-Robert-Sedgewic...
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/032157351X
Disclaimer: I haven't actually seen this edition, which uses Java. My old edition uses C.
Disclaimer #2: I still look into my copies of Sedgewick and Knuth fairly regularly. CLR(S), not so much. Your mileage may vary.