Another reading suggestion along those lines is "The design of design" by Fred Brooks (of Mythical Man Month fame). He discusses design approaches as uses his process of building his own house as the primary example:
A lot of people in this thread are focusing on technical tools, which is normal for a discussion of this type, but I think that focus is misplaced. Most technical tools are easily learnable and are not the limiting factor is creating good data science products.
https://www.amazon.com/Design-Essays-Computer-Scientist/dp/0...
https://www.amazon.com/Design-Essays-Computer-Scientist/dp/0...